a. Describe and explain the term national independence in accordance to actual practice and the relevant clauses of the UN Chapter. More broadly, describe and define the term “sovereignty” in political and legal terms.

1. HEGEMONY – NATIONAL INDEPENDENCE. The strife for national freedom, internal and external sovereignty, the principle of national independence and the rejection of alien hegemony is a diachronic characteristic of the behavior of states.
a. Describe and explain the term national independence in accordance to actual practice and the relevant clauses of the UN Chapter. More broadly, describe and define the term “sovereignty” in political and legal terms.
b. Describe as to how you understand the term “hegemony” and explain as to how it influences the shape and functions of international relations.

2. INTERNATIONAL LAW – STABILITY – CAUSES OF WAR. The fundamental high-principles of contemporary international relations as described in Chapter I of the UN are interstate parity, non-intervention and internal self-determination in the conditions of internal and external sovereignty. Moreover, Chapter IV refers to action by the Security Council when there are threads to international peace and security.
a. In historical terms how were the borders drawn and what this means for contemporary international relations?
b. What is, in this connection, the dialectical relationship between international order and international justice?
c. What are the underlying causes of war which function as intervening variables and do not allow an extensive collective security role for the Security Council?
d. Could we possibly have international justice? If the answer is “not” explain the reasons and if the answer is “yes” explain how it could be constructed and function in the contemporary international system? Try to answer in logical and rational terms the difference between international (that is, interstate) justice and world / planetic justice

Describe and explain the term national independence in accordance to actual practice and the relevant clauses of the UN Chapter.