International Law recognises that states have the right to defend themselves in response to an armed attack. However, there are differing views as to when this right arises and against whom it may be exercised

Essay question:

`International Law recognises that states have the right to defend themselves in response to an armed attack. However, there are differing views as to when this right arises and against whom it may be exercised.`

Critically assess this statement with reference to relevant state practice, international treaty provisions and applicable international case law.