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CYP 5073 Research Methods

  CYP 5073 Research Methods – Component 2

Assessment Pack contents:

Short introduction to the task.

Key terms

Key resources

Template to outline structure and content.

Rubric to understand marking criteria.

Video to explain it.

Section 1- Short introduction to the task

The aim of this assessment is to develop a research proposal. You will need to identify a specific research area, research question, and develop a methodology or methods that can answer the research question. The research will identify issues around a specific area of focus that is significant, insightful and specific.

WORD COUNT: 3000 words

Key terms and Resources:

Core texts

  • Bryman, A. (2012). Social Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 
  • Christensen, P. and James, A. (Eds) (2008) Research with Children: 
  • Perspectives and Practices, London: Routledge. 
  • Flick, U. (2015). Introducing Research Methodology. London: Sage. 
  • Pajo, B. (2017). Introduction to Research Methods: A Hands-On Approach. London: Sage. 

Recommended texts

  • Fraser, S., Lewis, V., Ding, S., Kellett, M. and Robinson, C. Eds. (2004) Doing Research with Children and Young People, London: Sage/OU. 
  • Gordon, L. (2019). Real Research (2nd Eds). London: Sage. 
  • Schutt, R.K. (2018). Understanding the Social World: Research Methods for the 21st Century. London: Sage. 
  • Silverman, D. (2017). Doing Qualitative Research (5th Eds). London: Sage.

Research objectives – To help address research question and state exactly the outcome measures.

  • For example, To describe what factors health and social care professionals consider in developing service user’s care plan? 

Manchester phrase bank - https://www.phrasebank.manchester.ac.uk/

Quantitative Research - http://epapers.bham.ac.uk/646/1/eirs4.pdf. 

Qualitative research - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/014971899400051X.

Descriptive Research - https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/104345429301000406?journalCode=jpob.

Mix-Methods Research - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Aine-Humble/publication/237658796_An_Introduction_to_Mixed_Method_Research/links/5d41847f299bf1995b59b888/An-Introduction-to-Mixed-Method-Research.pdf.

Research Ethics - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1118625/.

Methodology - https://gradcoach.com/what-is-research-methodology/.

Methods used for previous research and relevant conclusions noticed.

  • For example, quantitative research conducted by Beresford et al. (2004) highlighted key lessons learnt on professional boundaries.
  • Literature Review – Journal articles relevant to subject area. Studies supporting or against area of interest. 
  • Theories and concepts underpinning research area – This can be discussed in literature review. For example, collaborative working theories. Gap in knowledge and research.              

Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in this module

This module maintains a policy that you may not use generative AI to assist you in the process of undertaking the assessment.

Template

Research Title:

1. Introduction (500 words)

1.1. In this section, you should introduce your research topic, present some background information about your topic including the definition (s).

  • For example, “Working in the health and social care sector was challenging particularly during the global pandemic.  The aim of this study is to investigate challenges faced by health and social care professionals working together”.   

 1.2. Continue with a few sentences presenting relevant background information & providing a rationale for your topic.

  •  
  • Why is this topic more important than ones you have considered?

For example,

  • Collaboration in health and social care has shown to improve patient outcomes including reducing preventable adverse drug reactions, decreasing morbidity rates and optimising medication dosage (Bosch and Mansell, 2015).  Collaborative working has shown to provide benefits to health and social care providers including reducing extra work and increasing job satisfaction. Mansell et al. (2015) study findings stated that collaborative working in health and social care is increasingly becoming evident globally (Mansell et al., 2015).

2. Literature Review (1000 words)

Conducting a literature review involves collecting, evaluating and analysing publications (such as books and journal articles) that relate to your research topic/question.

2.1. You need to search for and select relevant literature. E. g. Journal Articles, E-Books, Books, Websites including Government Websites. Search Engines including Google Scholar and School Library. Example of a journal article - https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.195.1700&rep=rep1&type=pdf. 

  • Make sure you follow these guidelines to write a good literature review:
  • Identify themes, debates and gaps
  • Evaluate sources (Critical analysis- identify the similarities and differences between the studies)
  • Summarise and synthesise -give an overview of the main points of each source and combine them into a coherent whole.
  • Analyse and interpret do not just paraphrase other researchers – add your own interpretations, discussing the significance of findings in relation to the literature.
  • Critically evaluate mention the strengths and weaknesses of your sources.

Make sure you write in well-structured paragraphs: use transitions and topic sentences to draw connections, comparisons and contrasts.

Example 1: Social inequality can cause short and long-term health conditions, such as long-term stress. Consider looking for sources that support your research question including advantages and disadvantages of your study.

Example, 2: Research on social inequality in developing countries has a long history. Even before Blau and Duncan (1975) published their seminal work on social justices. Continue with other sources to underpin your research.

2.2. Problem Statement and Research Justification (Gaps in knowledge, practice or services provision) (Approx. 300 words)

Here you should summarise the key findings you have taken from the literature and emphasise their significance? Moreover, you need to summarise the main statistical information to justify reasons for research topic and identify the research gap.

For example, The United Kingdom (UK) has a very high level of income inequality compared to other developed countries. In 2018, 20% of UK households had an average disposable income of ÂŁ13,234. Similarly, in the Great Britain wealth is even more unequally distributed. The Office of National Statistics (ONS) calculated that the richest 10% of households hold 44% of all wealth. The poorest 50%, by contrast, own just 9% (ONS, 2019).

The aim to demonstrate and justify the importance and relevance of the study you are about to propose is relevant and exactly how your project will contribute to conversations in the field.

2.3.  What are your aims and objectives? (2 or 3)

Research Questions

  • What is your specific research question? (You may have more than one)

For example, h

3. Methodology (Approx 1000 words)

3.1 Research Design

Describe the research approach chosen for your study

  • (Secondary or Primary research - Qualitative, quantitative or mix-methodology). Also, give reasons for your choice of approach, limitations and strengths.

Example 1. the research will employ a mixed-method approach of gathering data. The mixed method consists of qualitative and quantitative methods. Define quantitative and qualitative research including strengths and weaknesses.

Example 2. The project will use a qualitative research approach to evaluate how hate crime is reported and experienced by service users in Merseyside. It will employ a practical small -scale evaluation model with a focus on eliciting the views of stakeholders and service users to provide insight into how services work, how they could be improved and whether they meet their stated objectives. This is appropriate both for the short timescale outlined by the commissioners and the applied nature of the project (Brophy, Snooks and Griffiths, 2011)

What study type will you use? Explain why this is a good choice for your research question (justification), highlight strengths

  • Cross-section, longitudinal, intervention? (For quantitative approaches).

Explain that the study will have ethical approval from LTU – describe what this means.

3.2 Data Collection

Explain what data collection method (questionnaire, focus group, interviews) you will be using and justify it. (if primary research) for secondary research mention databases to be used and highlight key words search and some inclusion and exclusion criteria

Example 1. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with stakeholders to explore the frameworks, type, and quality of perinatal service provision across a range of agencies, as well as data sharing processes, and areas for development for the future monitoring purpose. perinatal service users will also be interviewed regarding their experience of support and their pathway through services.

3.3 Participant recruitment and research procedure (Primary research)

  • Justify the chosen sampling method
  • How many participants will you recruit? - Sample size justification
  • Inclusion and exclusion criteria (for the study participants): (e.g., demographic information, location, age, SEN, ethnicity)
  • How will they be recruited? Recruitment procedure - use of an information sheet and consent form (Add to appendix)

Example 1.  Sampling in research is generally conducted to permit detailed study of part than the whole population (Ref). However, the sampling method employed for the study is the volunteer sampling. This means that participants self-selected themselves and choose to take part by responding to the questionnaires provided by the researcher.

Example 2. The researcher will work with the gatekeeper (the perinatal support Coordinator) to recruit two kinds of participants – stakeholders and service users. Stakeholder participants must be a perinatal service delivery stakeholder (i.e. work for one of the organisations/agencies that t comprise the perinatal board or feed into its processes) and will be invited to participate via perinatal service delivery meetings or contacted by telephone. Services user participants will be identified through their involvement with perinatal support i.e. they will have been individuals referred to perinatal services after before or after birth.

3.4 Data Analysis

  • Define what type of analysis you will use. E.g., Qualitative analysis (thematic analysis) or quantitative analyse (statistical analysis- charts, tables). Content analysis
  • What will you be trying to identify? (Cause and effect, relationship, change over-time or association)
  • How will you analyse and summarise your data to establish your findings?

Example: The interviews will be recorded, transcribed and a thematic analysis will be carried out using Braun and Clarke’s six step process (Braun and Clarke, 2013). This approach is often used for short term and applied health research. The outcome will be a coding frame which explores knowledge of perinatal services’ processes/pathways, support, barriers, satisfaction and areas for improvement.

3.5 Ethical considerations

What Ethical principles for research will be considered? And why (i.e. information sheet for participants, consent form, confidentiality, debriefing, sharing results: when, where and how, data management, access and storage: GDPR compliance) Will participants be asked to sign a consent (and why), and will they be giving an opportunity to read (and having the opportunity to discuss) a participant information sheet? Will the participants be informed of their right to withdraw at any time?

Example: All participants will be asked to sign a consent form after reading (and having the opportunity to discuss) a participant information sheet. All participants will be informed of their right to withdraw at any time. Researcher will seek ethical approval from Leeds Trinity University Research Ethics Board Researcher.

4. Evaluation (500 words)

  • How will this study benefit the practice, knowledge and policy?
  • State any improvements in methodology for future research
  • What future research could be undertaking to improve the knowledge base on research area.

Reference List

Please make sure you put your reference in alphabetical order including the APA Referencing Style

Appendix

  • Participants Information / consent form
  • Interview and/or questionnaire questions
  • Timeline for your research

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All About CYP 5073 Research Methods

CYP 5073 introduces you to the core skills of doing research with, and about, children, young people and families. You learn how to frame a clear question, choose a sensible design, weigh up ethical issues, and turn evidence into sound, real-world recommendations. At Leeds Trinity University, for example, the module expects you to evaluate different methodologies, reflect on ethics, and create a justified research proposal with clear aims and design choices. Evision Leeds Trinity

Where it sits in your studies

The module commonly appears on programmes focused on working with children, young people and families, alongside units on children’s rights, placements, and a later research project. That pathway helps you build from methods into practice and then into your own independent study. Evision Leeds Trinity

What the assignment usually asks you to do

While the exact brief varies by cohort, the heart of the task is consistent:

  1. Pick an area that matters. Choose a focused topic in the CYP field (e.g., school exclusion, digital wellbeing, access to play). Explain why the question is important for policy or practice.

  2. Show you’ve read the field. Summarise relevant studies, compare how they were done, and note what they agree or disagree on.

  3. Design a small-scale study. Select a suitable approach (e.g., interviews, focus groups, surveys, secondary data), justify your sample and tools, and outline analysis.

  4. Address ethics properly. Obtain consent, protect anonymity, consider safeguarding and distress protocols, and plan data security. UK guidance stresses that children’s participation must be indispensable to the question and carried out in settings that protect their safety and dignity. University College London

  5. Link back to evidence-based practice. Explain how your method will generate trustworthy evidence and how that evidence would inform decisions in real services.

Some cohorts include an assessed presentation alongside the written work; always check your brief for the exact format and weighting. Assignment Bee

Writing in easy steps (and what markers look for)

1. A clear, workable research question

Start with a single, answerable question. Avoid “everything and the kitchen sink”. A good question names the population, context, and outcome or experience you’ll examine.

2. A short, honest literature map

Don’t retell every paper. Identify a few high-quality sources, explain how they approached the topic, and say where the gaps are. Tie each source to your design choice (e.g., “most studies used online surveys, which miss non-connected young people—so I’ll recruit through youth clubs to widen participation”).

3. A justified method, not just a label

If you propose semi-structured interviews, explain why interviews make sense for your question, who you’ll talk to, how many, how you’ll recruit, and how you’ll analyse (e.g., reflexive thematic analysis). If you opt for a questionnaire, show how you’ll pilot items, handle reliability, and summarise results.

4. CYP-appropriate ethics

For research with children and young people, ethics are not a box-tick: they shape design. Build in age-appropriate information sheets, staged consent/assent, safeguarding routes, confidentiality limits, and a plan for secure storage and destruction of data. Established guidance stresses suitability of methods for CYP and the need for explicit consent and prior ethics approval. University College London+1

5. Evidence-based practice (EBP) in plain English

EBP means using the best available evidence, together with professional judgement and the views of children, families and practitioners, to make decisions. In your assignment, show how your method will produce dependable findings (valid, ethical, and relevant) that a service could actually use.

Suggested structure (you can adapt this to your brief)

  • Title – clear and specific.

  • Background & Rationale – what we know, what we don’t, why this matters now.

  • Research Question & Aims – one main question; 2–3 concise aims.

  • Methodology & Design – approach, participants, sampling, recruitment, instruments, procedure, analysis plan.

  • Ethical Considerations – consent/assent, anonymity, safeguarding, power imbalances, data security, approvals.

  • EBP Contribution & Practical Use – how findings could inform policy/practice and next steps.

  • Limitations  – be realistic; show how you’ll reduce bias.

  • References – consistent UK style (e.g., Harvard).

It’s specific and doable in a small study. Name the group, the setting and the focus, e.g. “How do Year 7 pupils in X School describe the pressure of homework?”

Usually yes. Even using staff, parents, or secondary data can raise risks. Follow your course process and show how you’ll protect participants and data.

If participants are under 16, plan for parental/guardian consent and age-appropriate assent from the young person. Make your information sheets easy to read.

It depends on your design. For interviews/focus groups, a small, well-chosen sample (e.g., 6–12 interviews) is fine if you justify it. For surveys, focus on a realistic number and a clear recruitment plan.

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