Introduction to Psychology

Subject Description

The discipline of Psychology is the study of human behaviour. It is concerned with the observation behaviour of an individual and its relationship to unseen mental and physical processes, as well as of external events. Introduction to Psychology will provide a framework within which the student can begin to explore the human personality.

Co-requisite: EAC149 or equivalent.

Learning Outcomes

Upon successful completion of this subject the student will be able to:

1. Appreciate psychology as a true science.
2. Describe the major theories of psychology
3. Analyze and evaluate personal behaviour and demonstrate a greater sensitivity to the behaviour of others.
4. Discuss the psychological factors behind group behaviour.
5. Explain the social processes of conformity and obedience.
6. Explain the relationship between biology and behaviour.
7. Describe the different stages of human development.

Sample Answer

Introduction to Psychology: An Overview of the Discipline and Its Learning Outcomes

Psychology is the scientific study of human behaviour and the various internal and external factors that influence it. This discipline seeks to understand how individuals act, think, and feel by examining observable behaviours alongside the unseen mental and physical processes that underlie them. The subject of Introduction to Psychology provides a comprehensive framework for students to explore the fundamental concepts, theories, and applications of psychology, enabling them to appreciate the complexity of human personality and behaviour.

Psychology as a Science

One of the primary aims of studying psychology is to recognise it as a true science. Unlike common assumptions that psychology is purely theoretical or speculative, it employs rigorous scientific methods to investigate human behaviour. Psychologists use experiments, observations, surveys, and case studies to collect data and test hypotheses. This scientific approach ensures that conclusions are based on evidence rather than opinion or anecdote. By appreciating psychology as a science, students learn to critically evaluate psychological claims and understand the importance of empirical research in advancing knowledge.

Major Theories in Psychology

Throughout its history, psychology has developed various theories that explain different aspects of human behaviour. These theories form the backbone of the discipline and offer diverse perspectives on why people behave as they do. Some of the major theories students will encounter include behaviourism, which focuses on observable behaviours and the ways they are learned through interaction with the environment. Cognitive psychology explores internal mental processes such as thinking, memory, and problem-solving. Humanistic psychology emphasises individual experience, personal growth, and self-actualisation. Additionally, psychodynamic theory, rooted in the work of Sigmund Freud, examines unconscious motivations and childhood experiences as drivers of behaviour. Understanding these theories enables students to appreciate the multifaceted nature of personality and behaviour.

Personal Behaviour and Sensitivity to Others

A crucial aspect of psychology is the ability to analyse and evaluate one`s own behaviour while developing greater sensitivity to the behaviours of others. By studying psychological principles, students can gain insight into their motivations, emotions, and reactions. This self-awareness fosters personal growth and better emotional regulation. Moreover, understanding human behaviour scientifically allows students to empathise with others, appreciating that behaviour is influenced by a complex interaction of internal states and external circumstances. This sensitivity is particularly valuable in social and professional contexts where effective communication and interpersonal skills are essential.

Group Behaviour and Social Influence

Psychology also explores how individuals behave within groups and how social contexts influence behaviour. Group behaviour is shaped by factors such as group norms, roles, cohesion, and collective identity. Students will learn about classic social psychological studies that reveal how people conform to group pressures, obey authority figures, and sometimes engage in behaviours they might not exhibit individually. Understanding conformity and obedience is important not only for recognising social dynamics but also for critically evaluating situations where these forces may lead to ethical dilemmas or harmful outcomes. This knowledge equips students to navigate social environments more effectively and ethically.

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