Critically analyses public health interventions in terms of their underlying principles and ideologies

Assignment Brief

PUB017-6 Principles, Policies and Issues

Learning Outcomes:

On completion of this assignment you should be able to:

1. Critically analyse the contemporary UK public health policies

• Critically analyses public health interventions in terms of their underlying principles and ideologies
• Evaluate the significance and validity of concepts and assumptions underlying interventions

2. Critically evaluate the relationship between social determinants of health and public health policy and practice

• Critically evaluate the impact of an intervention designed to address identified needs; and
• Identify ways of enhancing the effectiveness of the interventions, drawing evidence of good practice.

3. Demonstrate a critical appreciation of gaps in current policy and explore new strategies and initiatives for public health practice and discuss their impact on service delivery and inequalities in health

• Draw on the evidence base to articulate the strengths and weaknesses of differing policies and demonstrate an understanding of the principles and theories that have influenced policy and interventions to address the public health issue you have chosen.
• Communicate the findings of the investigation in a briefing paper.

Sample Answer

 Briefing Paper on Addressing Childhood Obesity in the UK: Policy, Interventions, and Recommendations

1. Executive Summary

Childhood obesity is one of the most pressing public health challenges in the United Kingdom. It is associated with long-term health risks, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and mental health issues. This paper critically analyses UK public health policies addressing childhood obesity, evaluates key interventions, explores the relationship between social determinants and obesity, and highlights policy gaps. It concludes by recommending strategic improvements to reduce health inequalities and enhance intervention effectiveness.

2. Introduction

Childhood obesity has increased significantly in the UK over the last few decades. According to the National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP, 2023), approximately 1 in 4 children in Year 6 are obese. The condition is deeply influenced by social determinants such as socioeconomic status, education, ethnicity, and access to nutritious food. This paper uses childhood obesity as a lens to examine the principles, policies, and issues in UK public health.

3. Analysis of Contemporary UK Public Health Policies

Several public health policies aim to address obesity in children. These include:

3.1 Childhood Obesity Plan (2016–2019 Phases 1 & 2)

The Childhood Obesity Plan outlines the government’s commitment to halving childhood obesity by 2030. Key components include the Soft Drinks Industry Levy (sugar tax), promotion of physical activity, and reformulation of foods.

• Critical Analysis:
  The levy resulted in significant reductions in sugar content in soft drinks, but critics argue the policy has limited impact on overall diet without wider food regulation (Public Health England, 2020). Its strength lies in targeting manufacturers rather than consumers, but it fails to address structural inequalities or broader consumption behaviours.

3.2 School Food Standards and PE Requirements

The government mandated nutritional standards for school meals and compulsory physical education (PE).

• Critical Analysis:
  While these measures aim to shape healthy habits, budget constraints in schools and free meal disparities mean implementation is inconsistent. Moreover, the policies are insufficient in isolation if families face barriers outside school (e.g., food deserts).