Critically analyse, identify and select the most appropriate methods and techniques to carry out a research project.

Assessment Task for NG4H252 Research Methods for Engineers

To produce an executive report summarising how a potential project could be achieved.

You should:

• Write a brief introduction to a project;
  1. including a clear project aim and a corresponding list of objectives.
• Identify, then critically analyse three different pieces of literature that are relevant to the selected project, this should be done in terms of their relevance to the project.
• Identify suitable research method(s) for the project;
  1. provide clear links to research methodology literature, and
  2. explain why the chosen approach is suitable, highlighting any limitations.

Notes:

You do not need to carry out the project or any research methods: You must describe a project and justify why the method(s) would be appropriate to address the research question or hypotheses.

You must identify and then critically evaluate three pieces of literature, but you will need many more references to successfully complete this assessment task.

The word count for this report is 3000 words (±10%) as detailed in the module descriptor. Excess words will not be marked and hence will not contribute to your grade.

This assignment will be marked out of 100%

This assignment contributes to 100% of the total module marks.

Learning Outcomes to be assessed (as specified in the validated module descriptor)

1. Critically analyse, identify and select the most appropriate methods and techniques to carry out a research project.
2. Critically analyse information and data from a range of sources.

Sample Answer

Developing a Solar-Powered Charging Station for Electric Vehicles (EVs)

1. Introduction

The rapid growth in the use of electric vehicles (EVs) is driving the need for cleaner and more accessible charging solutions. Traditional charging stations rely heavily on electricity generated from fossil fuels, which reduces the environmental benefit of switching to EVs. A solar-powered charging station offers a sustainable alternative that can reduce carbon emissions and energy costs while promoting green transport.

Project Aim

To design and assess the feasibility of a solar-powered electric vehicle (EV) charging station, focusing on technical design, efficiency, and sustainability within a UK urban environment.

Project Objectives

1. To explore the technical requirements for building a solar-powered EV charging station.

2. To evaluate the energy output and storage capabilities of solar panels in urban UK settings.

3. To assess the cost-effectiveness and return on investment of solar-based versus grid-powered EV charging.

4. To identify the environmental impact of implementing solar EV chargers compared to conventional charging solutions.

5. To recommend suitable locations and scalability options for real-world application.

2. Literature Review: Critical Evaluation of Relevant Sources

In this section, three peer-reviewed academic sources are analysed in relation to their relevance to the proposed project.

2.1 Source 1:

“A Review on Solar Charging Technologies for Electric Vehicles” – Sharma et al. (2020)

Relevance:
This article provides a comprehensive review of current solar charging technologies and their applications in EVs. It outlines the key components such as photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries, inverters, and smart energy management systems.

Critical Evaluation:
The article is highly relevant as it supports the technical foundation of the project. It explains the key mechanisms and constraints, such as intermittent solar generation and efficiency loss due to temperature. However, the study is global in scope, and does not focus on UK-specific environmental conditions, which limits its direct applicability.

2.2 Source 2:

“Environmental and Economic Comparison of Grid-Tied and Solar EV Charging Stations” – Li et al. (2021)

Relevance:
This paper evaluates the lifecycle costs and environmental impacts of EV charging stations powered by either solar energy or the electrical grid.

Critical Evaluation:
This study offers a balanced cost–benefit comparison, which aligns with the third project objective. It presents data-backed evidence showing reduced greenhouse gas emissions and long-term savings with solar integration. However, the research assumes ideal solar radiation levels, which may differ significantly in UK climates. It’s still valuable for the project’s economic and environmental analysis.

2.3 Source 3:

“Feasibility of Solar-Powered Charging Stations in Urban Areas: A UK Perspective” – Ahmed & Thomas (2022)

Relevance:
This is the most directly relevant source as it focuses on UK cities and analyses solar energy generation potential under typical British weather conditions.

Critical Evaluation:
The article provides location-specific data for cities like Manchester, London, and Bristol. It includes findings on average sun hours and energy output, making it useful for estimating performance. One limitation is that the study uses older data (2018–2020), and recent climate changes may affect output levels. Regardless, this paper offers key insights for local feasibility and location planning.

3. Research Methods and Methodology

To conduct this project properly, a mixed-methods approach is recommended, combining quantitative data (numerical, measurable data) and qualitative insights (non-numerical, descriptive data). This allows for a well-rounded analysis of both technical performance and user perception.

3.1 Research Philosophy and Approach

The project follows a pragmatic research philosophy, which means it combines both scientific and practical considerations. This suits engineering studies where real-world implementation matters.

• Approach: Deductive, starting with a theory (solar energy is sustainable) and testing it in a real-world UK urban environment.

3.2 Research Methods

a) Quantitative Methods

These include:

• Simulation Modelling using software like HOMER or PVsyst to simulate solar panel output.

• Energy Data Analysis from sources such as the UK Met Office or National Grid to estimate solar generation potential.

• Cost and ROI Calculations using project management tools and spreadsheets.

Advantages:

• Provides measurable and objective data.

• Helps in making technical and financial decisions.

Limitations:

• Depends on the accuracy of available solar data.

• May not capture user behaviour or public perception.

b) Qualitative Methods

These include:

• Semi-structured Interviews with urban planners, local authorities, or EV users.

• Observation at current EV charging sites to monitor usage patterns and public acceptance.

Advantages:

• Offers context to the quantitative findings.

• Explains “why” something is preferred or avoided.

Limitations:

• More time-consuming to collect and interpret.

• Subject to personal bias if not managed well.

3.3 Research Design

A case study research design is proposed. The project will choose one urban area (e.g. Nottingham or Birmingham) as the main location to focus on. Data will be collected about sunlight exposure, energy demand, land availability, and infrastructure. Interviews and simulations will then provide a practical feasibility overview.

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