Describe Stern’s (1911) two approaches and types of analyses to study individuals, illustrated with examples

• 1a) Describe Stern’s (1911) two approaches and types of analyses to study individuals, illustrated with examples. What key criterion for ‘traits’ did Cattell (1952) introduce? Critically analyse its importance and how it is tested using Stern’s approaches. Explain in this context the difference between personality factor and personality type. (600 words)

• 1b) Explain the concept of trait taxonomies. Describe the steps of factor analysis and its application for taxonomy development. Critically discuss why the number of factors that are empirically extracted in taxonomic studies are not natural constants. (700 words)

• 1c) Explain why the person-situation debate (Mischel, 1968) posed a threat to trait psychology, illustrated with empirical examples. Critically evaluate whether and how it was finally dissolved, taking recourse to Stern’s two central approaches. (700 words)