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A Universal Bank in Africa (Bank of Africa-ZM) which engages in trade finance requires a corresponding bank in the United Kingdom to make international payments, to be able to carry out international transactions.

Assessment Information/Brief 2020-21

To be used for all types of assessment and provided to students at the start of the module.

Information provided should be compatible with the detail contained in the approved module specification although may contain more information for clarity.

Module title

Banking and Financial Regulation

CRN

BN-N310-M0008-56702-21

Level

7

Assessment title

Banking and Finance Regulation Project

Weighting within module

This assessment is worth 100% of the overall module mark.

Submission deadline date and time

 

Module Leader/Assessment set by

How to submit

You should submit your assessment on Blackboard on the main page

Assessment task details and instructions

Please note:

Discuss means evaluate the good and bad aspects of an issue, the for and against of any proposition before coming to a balanced and informed judgement that is persuasive.

Part 1

A Universal Bank in Africa (Bank of Africa-ZM) which engages in trade finance requires a corresponding bank in the United Kingdom to make international payments, to be able to carry out international transactions. Specifically, they want the bank to be able to confirm its letters of credit to enhance their trade finance portfolio.  As a financial advisor, recommend which of the UK banks (Royal Bank of Scotland, HSBC and Lloyds) should be the first choice for Bank of Africa -ZM to correspond with.  An overall assessment is required based on the anlaysis of the following:

a) Liquidity

b)Leverage

c) Profitability

Additional Instruction

Use Osiris database to find financial reports for Royal Bank of Scotland, HSBC and Lloyds Bank.

A five-year historical performance is adequate for assessing the perfomances of the banks.

It is expected that the assessment is well structured and adequately discussed by comparing ratios and other variables.

Using graphs will enhance your evaluation and presentation, and will help reduce your word count. (40 marks)

Part 2- Answer both quesions

Question 1

Bank of Africa-ZM is concerned about its compliance with the Global Anti-Money Laundering Law.  As an Anti-Money Laundering Officer, discuss the concept and stages of money laundering, and describe the types of transactions that may be reported as suspicious. (30 marks)

Question 2

The role of shadow banking on economies is an ongoing debate. Increased services to Small and Medium Enterprises is seen as one benefit of  Shadow Banking. On the other hand,  others consider it as very risky. Discuss. (30 marks)

Intended Learning Outcomes

Knowledge and Understanding (maximum of 5)

On successful completion the student will be able to:

  1. Prepare a protocol for the evaluation of credit decisions within a financial organisation.
  2. Devise a “dashboard” that measures debt impairment and identifies the main causal factors.
  3. Amend and update systems manuals to ensure compliance with statutory and regulatory procedures.
  4. Prepare reports for managers that assesses the impact of economic events on performance.

Key Subject Specific Skills (maximum of 5)

On completion the student will be able to:

  1. Apply Information technology in evaluating the consequences of modern bank management techniques
  1. Formulate alternative strategies to problem situations.
  2. Evaluate and judge behaviour of strategic choices on bank performance under different market scenarios.
  3. Locate, summarise and synthesise a range of information from electronic data sources relevant to modern international banking.
  4. Work independently and collaboratively with others, developing team working and leadership skills appropriate to traders and risk analyst and finance managers operating in a global business context.

Aims of Module

  1. Equip students with appropriate tools of analysis to understand the basic mechanics of banks’ financial instruments and their role in the financial markets
  2. A critical appreciation of the current regulatory framework and its evolution.
  3. Apply critical frameworks that will enable students to evaluate the globalization of financial markets and the effect on banking and the financial services industry.
  4. Evaluate critically various types of risks and their effect on bank performance and profitability and sustainability.  

Word count/ duration (if applicable)

Your assessment should be no more than 3,000 words (plus a 10% allowance) excluding diagrams and numbers.

The 3,000 limit applies to each section pro rata based on the marks e.g. a 30 mark section should be no more than 900 words plus the 10% allowance of 90.

Excess words in any question or section of a question will not be marked.

More words do not imply more marks, but rather too often lengthy submissions have not been critically reread, are poorly planned and clumsily expressed.

University late submission rules will apply.

Feedback arrangements

You can expect to receive feedback by

Support arrangements

You can obtain support for this assessment by consulting with staff delivering the module and taking note of the help available on Blackboard

askUS

The University offers a range of support services for students through askUS.

Good Academic Conduct and Academic Misconduct

Students are expected to learn and demonstrate skills associated with good academic conduct (academic integrity). Good academic conduct includes the use of clear and correct referencing of source materials. Here is a link to where you can find out more about the skills which students require http://www.salford.ac.uk/skills-for-learning.

Academic Misconduct is an action which may give you an unfair advantage in your academic work. This includes plagiarism, asking someone else to write your assessment for you or taking notes into an exam. The University takes all forms of academic misconduct seriously.  You can find out how to avoid academic misconduct here https://www.salford.ac.uk/skills-for-learning.

Assessment Information

If you have any questions about assessment rules, you can find out more here.

Personal Mitigating Circumstances

If personal mitigating circumstances may have affected your ability to complete this assessment, you can find more information about personal mitigating circumstances procedure here.

Personal Tutor/Student Progression Administrator

If you have any concerns about your studies, contact your Personal Tutor or your Student Progression Administrator.

Assessment Criteria

Assessment Criteria will be available on Blackboard and will be discussed during the module.

You should look at the assessment criteria to find out what we are specifically looking at during the assessment.

General overall descriptors

Less than 50

Basic knowledge with occasional inaccuracies. Superficial depth or limited breadth with unsatisfactory identification of key themes. Critical analysis evident, with some evaluation and synthesis, although limited. Some appropriate academic argument although not well applied and lacking in clarity. Unsatisfactory application of the theory with the real world example. Unsatisfactory academic style.  Unsatisfactory in relation to structure, logical progression and clarity. 

50-59

Mostly accurate knowledge with satisfactory depth and breadth. Fair identification of key themes. Sound critical analysis and evaluation. Relevant academic argument.  Demonstrates basic ability to synthesize information in order to formulate appropriate conclusions. Integration of theory and practice. Acceptable academic style.  Fair in relation to structure, logical progression and clarity. Few inconsistencies in use of language/ grammar. Reasonable presentation of results. 

60-69

Consistently accurate knowledge with appropriate depth and breadth.  Good identification of key themes. Clear, in depth critical analysis, evaluation and academic argument with synthesis of different ideas and perspectives. Aware of the influence of varied perspectives. Clear and relevant application of theory to practice. Good academic style. Well presented in relation to structure, logical progression and clarity. Very few inconsistencies in use of language/ grammar. Good presentation or results.

70 +

Comprehensive knowledge demonstrating very good depth.  Demonstrates ability to transfer knowledge between different contexts appropriately. Very good analysis and synthesis of material with evidence of critique and independent thought.  Aware of and able to integrate various perspectives. Clear insight into links between theory and practice. Very good academic style.  Very well presented in relation to structure, logical progression and clarity. No inconsistencies in use of language/ grammar. Very good presentation of results.

In Year Retrieval Scheme

Your assessment is not eligible for in year retrieval. If you are eligible for this scheme, you will be contacted shortly after the feedback deadline.

Reassessment

If you fail your assessment, and are eligible for reassessment, you will need to resubmit on or before tba. For students with accepted personal mitigating circumstances for absence/non submission, this will be your replacement assessment attempt. 

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Sample Answer

Banking and Financial Regulation Project

Introduction

Global banking relies heavily on correspondent relationships, particularly in trade finance where international transactions require trusted intermediary banks. Bank of Africa-ZM seeks a UK correspondent bank to confirm letters of credit and support cross-border transactions. This decision requires a careful evaluation of financial strength, focusing on liquidity, leverage, and profitability.

This report critically evaluates three major UK banks, Royal Bank of Scotland (now NatWest Group), HSBC, and Lloyds Bank, based on five-year financial performance. It then examines anti-money laundering (AML) frameworks and the concept of shadow banking, providing a balanced and critical discussion throughout.

Part 1: Evaluation of UK Banks for Correspondent Banking

Overview of the Banks

The three banks represent different strategic profiles. HSBC is a global banking leader with strong international presence. Lloyds operates mainly in the UK retail and commercial banking market. Royal Bank of Scotland, now part of NatWest Group, has undergone restructuring following the 2008 financial crisis.

For Bank of Africa-ZM, the ideal correspondent bank must demonstrate strong liquidity, controlled leverage, and consistent profitability.

Liquidity Analysis

Liquidity measures a bank’s ability to meet short-term obligations. The liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) and loan-to-deposit ratio (LDR) are key indicators.

HSBC consistently demonstrates strong liquidity, supported by its global deposit base and diversified funding structure. Its LCR typically exceeds regulatory requirements, indicating resilience in times of financial stress. Lloyds also maintains stable liquidity, largely due to its domestic retail deposit base, which is considered a reliable funding source.

In contrast, Royal Bank of Scotland shows improvement over time but has historically struggled with liquidity following restructuring. While its position has stabilised, it remains less robust compared to HSBC.

From a critical perspective, HSBC’s global diversification reduces liquidity risk, while Lloyds’ domestic focus provides stability but limits flexibility. RBS, although improving, still reflects legacy weaknesses.

Evaluation: HSBC ranks highest, followed by Lloyds, then RBS.

Leverage Analysis

Leverage reflects the extent to which a bank uses borrowed funds. The leverage ratio and debt-to-equity ratio are key measures.

HSBC maintains a balanced leverage position, supported by strong capital reserves. Its Tier 1 capital ratio remains above regulatory thresholds, indicating financial stability. Lloyds also demonstrates prudent leverage management, focusing on low-risk retail lending.

RBS has significantly reduced leverage since the financial crisis, but its historical exposure to high-risk assets continues to affect perception. While improvements are evident, its leverage profile remains less attractive compared to peers.

Critically, lower leverage reduces risk but may limit profitability. HSBC achieves a balance between risk and return, while Lloyds prioritises stability over aggressive growth.

Evaluation: HSBC performs strongest, Lloyds follows closely, and RBS remains weakest despite improvements.

Profitability Analysis

Profitability is assessed using return on equity (ROE) and net interest margin (NIM).

HSBC demonstrates consistent profitability due to its global operations and diversified income streams. Its exposure to emerging markets enhances revenue but introduces some risk. Lloyds shows stable profitability, largely driven by UK retail banking. However, its growth potential is limited compared to HSBC.

RBS has struggled with profitability due to restructuring costs and legacy issues. Although recent performance shows improvement, it remains less consistent than its competitors.

Critically, HSBC’s diversified model provides resilience, while Lloyds offers steady but limited growth. RBS, although recovering, still lacks strong profitability indicators.

Evaluation: HSBC leads, Lloyds is stable, RBS lags behind.

Overall Recommendation

Based on liquidity, leverage, and profitability, HSBC is the strongest choice for Bank of Africa-ZM. Its global presence, financial strength, and experience in trade finance make it the most suitable correspondent bank. Lloyds is a secondary option due to stability but limited international reach. RBS ranks lowest due to historical weaknesses and less consistent performance.

Because it has strong global presence, high liquidity, and consistent profitability, making it reliable for international transactions.

The layering stage, as it hides the origin of funds through complex transactions.

It has both benefits and risks. It supports SMEs but can create financial instability if unregulated.

It ensures banks can meet short-term obligations and maintain trust during financial stress.

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Sadie

Clear, structured, and very analytical. My lecturer said it showed strong critical thinking.

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Walter

The AML part was explained perfectly. Easy to understand but still advanced level.

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