Differences between the qualitative and quantitative research paradigms

Assignment Brief

The assessment will be in two components.

1. A 2000 word critique of two research articles with exploration of the differences between the qualitative and quantitative research paradigms. (50% of module, 50% of grade) x (submission date in semester 2).
2. A 2000 word written reflection (50% of module, 50% of grade): of a practice experience or case that was discussed in one of the clinical supervision groups.

Both components must be passed to pass the module.

Sample Answer

Component 1: Critique of Two Research Articles and Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Paradigms

Introduction

Research plays a vital role in healthcare as it helps improve care, support evidence-based practice, and guide decision-making. Research can follow different approaches, mainly qualitative and quantitative. This report will critique two research articles, one using a qualitative method and the other using a quantitative method. It will also explain the differences between these two research paradigms and evaluate their strengths and weaknesses in healthcare research.

Qualitative Research Article Critique

The chosen qualitative article is titled "Exploring Patients` Experiences of Living with Chronic Pain". This study used semi-structured interviews with 15 patients to understand how chronic pain affects their daily lives.

The study followed a phenomenological approach, which is useful for exploring personal experiences. One strength of the article is that it allowed participants to speak freely, which gave rich and detailed data. The researchers used thematic analysis to identify key themes such as emotional distress, loss of independence, and coping strategies.

However, a limitation of the study is the small sample size. While this is common in qualitative research, it reduces how much the findings can be applied to a wider population. Also, the study relied only on participants from one hospital, which may affect its generalisability. Still, the article provided useful insights that can help nurses understand and support patients with chronic pain better.

Quantitative Research Article Critique

The second article is titled "Effectiveness of Exercise Programmes on Reducing Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Adults: A Randomised Control Trial". This quantitative study used a sample of 120 participants split into a control group and an exercise group. The researchers measured blood pressure before and after the programme.

One strength of the article is the use of randomised control trial (RCT), which is considered the gold standard for testing interventions. The data was analysed using statistical methods, and the findings showed a significant reduction in blood pressure in the exercise group.

A limitation is that the study lasted only eight weeks, so we do not know if the effects will last over a longer time. Also, while the study provides clear numerical data, it does not explore how participants felt about the exercise or if they found it easy to maintain.

Comparison of Qualitative and Quantitative Paradigms

Qualitative research focuses on understanding human experiences and meanings. It often uses interviews, focus groups, and observations. The data collected is non-numerical and analysed through themes or patterns. It is flexible and provides depth but may not be generalisable.

Quantitative research focuses on measuring and testing relationships between variables. It uses tools like surveys and experiments to collect numerical data. It is useful for testing hypotheses and giving measurable results. However, it may miss the context or personal meanings behind the data.

In healthcare, both types of research are important. Qualitative research helps to understand patient perspectives, which can improve communication and care. Quantitative research provides evidence for treatments and interventions.

Conclusion

Both research approaches have their place in healthcare. The qualitative article gave valuable insight into patients` experiences, while the quantitative article provided clear evidence for a treatment`s effectiveness. Understanding both types helps healthcare professionals use a more holistic, evidence-based approach in practice.

Component 2: Reflection on a Clinical Supervision Case

Introduction

Reflective practice is an essential part of learning in healthcare. It allows healthcare professionals to think about their experiences and improve their skills. This reflection is based on a case discussed in a clinical supervision group about helping a patient with feeding difficulties. The reflection will follow Gibbs` Reflective Cycle (1988) and will include reference to effective communication, inter-professional working, and patient diversity.

Description

During one shift, I was asked to assist Mr H, a 79-year-old man who had recently suffered a stroke and had difficulty swallowing. A speech and language therapist had advised that Mr H should be given thickened fluids and soft foods only. I was nervous as it was my first time helping someone with these specific needs.

Feelings

I felt worried about doing something wrong and causing harm. I also felt frustrated because Mr H found it difficult to communicate, and I struggled to understand what he needed. However, I also felt proud to be trusted with the task and wanted to do my best.

 Continued...