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Name the chosen data set(s) (from e.g. module resources, UCI ML Repository or other open data sources) and describe the data (e.g. attribute types and values, source of data) and context.

Assignment Brief

COS7045-B Advanced Machine Learning

Assessment 001: Coursework

Length: Approximately 5,000 words (plus accompanying software/models/scripts)

The aim of this coursework is to critically analyse data sources and data sets, critically evaluate possible data analytics, mining and modelling challenges and solutions, conduct research into relevant academic literature in the subject area, choose, design and implement machine learning and data mining algorithms to the chosen data, and apply the chosen techniques to a specific case study with a defined research question. The coursework is worth 100 marks, and the distribution of marks is detailed in the marking scheme.

The coursework requires electronic submission of a report documenting solutions to the tasks below in .pdf or Microsoft Word format, and all software files generated to solve the tasks, with informative file names preferably linked to the tasks they are related to, should be submitted using Canvas following instructions made available on the VLE.

You are expected to select a data set (or several for data integration applications) of your choice from open machine learning/data mining (re)sources, to develop a case study and apply relevant analysis, mining and learning techniques on the data set(s) for supervised and/or unsupervised learning, as motivated and decided by which is suitable depending on the data set characteristics and chosen research questions. The tasks below indicate expected outputs and relative marks per task:

Task A. [20 marks] Data choice, relevant literature and research question

Name the chosen data set(s) (from e.g. module resources, UCI ML Repository or other open data sources) and describe the data (e.g. attribute types and values, source of data) and context.

[5 marks]

Present a brief but focussed review of relevant academic literature in topics relevant to the chosen dataset (previous work on the dataset, or papers presenting results on similar or related data) and present key findings and recommendations extracted from the research.

[10 marks]

Introduce the specific research question(s) related to the problem, with specific reference to the dataset(s) and the expected or proposed outcome of the work upon completion.

[5 marks]

Task B. [20 marks] Data Analysis

Apply descriptive statistical techniques suitable for the chosen task. Details of contextual programming and usage of graphical representation and analysis of data are expected. For example, sort the data by class, line or bar plot each of the features individually if applicable; for each feature compute characteristics like its minimum, maximum, mean, mode and standard deviation, and study the correlation between features for each class or the distance matrix.

[10 marks]

Analyse and discuss results of statistical analysis and other contextual analysis of the data. Identify key outcomes and actions from the analysis task that will support the practical work towards the identified research question for the chosen dataset.

[10 marks]

Task C. [40 marks] Practical work and results

Describe and justify choices for practical application of algorithms, tools and processes for the chosen supervised/unsupervised challenge identified through the research question and research into literature conducted.

[10 marks]

Develop and document practical solutions, with reference to supporting files/scripts/models as appropriate. Describe the (pre-)processing steps, classification/regression/clustering/mining steps and evaluation techniques (e.g. training and testing set choices, clustering evaluation methods, rule assessment metrics or others) used to produce results for answering the research question. Parameter choices and testing described.

[20 marks]

Present and discuss results from the practical work, including appropriate visualisations of models, clusters, rules etc. as necessary. Discuss and evaluate the results including any comparisons to benchmark datasets and research literature.

[10 marks]

Task D. [20 marks] Critical Review

Describe difficulties using the tools/techniques as above. Provide reflections focused on technical, interpretational and functional issues, and the steps/approach you took to overcome these challenges.

[5 marks]

Document your observations on the case study, practical work and results. Present conclusions deduced/induced from each result. Describe and explain which techniques were most helpful to evaluate, explore and analyse the dataset. Describe how techniques were compared. Document techniques/activities that you could/should perform in the future to continue this work.

[10 marks]

Discuss the results of the case study you developed and any interesting observations by comparing them with published academic sources.

[5 marks]

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Sample Answer

COS7045-B Advanced Machine Learning

Introduction

Machine learning has become central to solving real-world problems where large volumes of data need to be analysed for patterns, predictions and decision-making. From healthcare to finance, organisations increasingly rely on data-driven insights to improve outcomes and efficiency. However, effective machine learning requires more than simply applying algorithms. It involves careful data selection, critical analysis, appropriate modelling choices and reflective evaluation of results.

This coursework presents a complete case study based on the UCI Heart Disease Dataset, focusing on predicting the presence of heart disease using supervised learning techniques. Cardiovascular disease remains one of the leading causes of death globally, making this a highly relevant and meaningful application of machine learning.

The report follows the required structure, covering dataset selection, literature review, data analysis, practical modelling, and critical reflection. The aim is not only to build predictive models but to understand the challenges and decisions involved in the machine learning process.

Task A: Data Choice, Literature and Research Question

Dataset Description

The dataset selected for this study is the UCI Heart Disease Dataset, obtained from the UCI Machine Learning Repository. It contains clinical and diagnostic data collected from patients undergoing heart disease testing.

The dataset includes 303 instances and 14 key attributes. These include both numerical and categorical features such as age, sex, chest pain type, resting blood pressure, cholesterol levels, fasting blood sugar, maximum heart rate achieved and exercise-induced angina.

The target variable indicates the presence or absence of heart disease. In some versions, it is multi-class, but for this study, it has been converted into a binary classification problem where 0 represents no disease and 1 represents presence of disease.

The dataset is widely used in academic research, making it suitable for benchmarking and comparative analysis.

Literature Review

Previous studies have applied a range of machine learning techniques to heart disease prediction. Common approaches include Logistic Regression, Decision Trees, Support Vector Machines and Neural Networks.

Research by Detrano et al. demonstrated that clinical data could be effectively used to predict heart disease with reasonable accuracy using statistical models. More recent studies have explored advanced methods such as ensemble learning and deep learning.

A study by Cleveland Clinic researchers found that Decision Trees provide strong interpretability but may suffer from overfitting. Support Vector Machines have shown high accuracy but require careful parameter tuning.

Ensemble methods such as Random Forest have been particularly effective, combining multiple decision trees to improve accuracy and reduce overfitting. Research consistently shows that Random Forest often outperforms single-model approaches on this dataset.

Key findings from the literature suggest that data preprocessing, feature selection and model tuning are critical factors in achieving strong performance. There is also emphasis on balancing interpretability and accuracy, especially in healthcare applications.

Research Question

The primary research question for this study is:

Which machine learning algorithm provides the most accurate and reliable prediction of heart disease using the UCI dataset, while maintaining interpretability suitable for healthcare applications?

The expected outcome is to compare multiple supervised learning models and identify the most effective approach based on accuracy, precision, recall and overall robustness.

Because it is widely used, well-structured and highly relevant to real-world healthcare problems.

Random Forest gave the highest accuracy and most reliable results overall.

In fields like healthcare, decisions must be understandable and explainable.

Data preprocessing and model tuning required the most effort.

Leah

Got a high distinction with this. Everything was explained clearly and properly structured.

United Kingdom

★★★★★
Mathew

Honestly felt like a top-level submission. My lecturer loved the analysis part.

United Kingdom

★★★★★
Arthur

Super detailed but still easy to understand. Helped me score way higher than expected.

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★★★★★
Thomas

Really impressed. It sounded natural and not robotic at all. Great results overall.

United Kingdom

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