identify the role of IT in the success or failure of your chosen organisation

Assignment Brief

CFPBUS003 - Introduction to Information Technology

Scenario:

Information technology (IT) and its applications in the modern world are an essential requirement to survive and succeed in the current business environment. IT plays a crucial role in all aspects of modern life. IT increases productivity of a company with efficiency saving effort, time and money

Task:

Select an organisation in the Retail sector, for example Tesco or Marks & Spencer, and conduct desk and/or Internet research on the organisation, together with an analysis of relevant academic books and journals to:

• identify the role of IT in the success or failure of your chosen organisation,
• find ethical and social issues that pertain to running businesses,
• identify and differentiate between different types of networking technologies.
• discuss the importance of Intranet and Internet in your business
• list and explain the different stage of system development life cycle. Please note this may not be revenant to the selected business, however, you must provide a generic answer.

Support your analysis with a discussion of the potential benefits and drawbacks of your chosen company investing in Information Technology.

This assessment addresses:

• LO1 - Understand and use frequently used Computing terminologies
• LO2 - Understand ethical and social issues associated with Technology
• LO3 - Differentiate between types of networks
• LO4 - Appreciate the growth in ICT and use of the Internet and its effects on business
• LO5 - Understand the role of Information Technology in Management
• LO6 - Understand the different stages of systems development

Further points:

• It is expected that you use current peer-reviewed journals and articles to ensure that you have an in-depth understanding of your topic particularly for the Literature Review.
• There must be sufficient linkage between theory and practice.
• Harvard style of references should be used.

Sample Answer

The Role of Information Technology in Tesco’s Retail Operations

In today’s business environment, Information Technology (IT) is a fundamental tool that drives productivity, efficiency, and competitive advantage. In the retail sector, IT systems play a key role in areas such as inventory management, customer service, marketing, and data analytics. This paper examines the role of IT in Tesco, a leading UK-based retailer, evaluating how technology has contributed to the company’s success, while also exploring ethical and social concerns, networking technologies, the importance of internet and intranet, and the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC).

The Role of IT in Tesco’s Success

Tesco has widely adopted IT systems to enhance both operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. One of its most notable achievements is the use of automated inventory and supply chain management systems, which allow Tesco to track stock levels in real-time and optimise the movement of goods from suppliers to stores. By using Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems and point-of-sale (POS) data, Tesco reduces waste, avoids stockouts, and maintains customer loyalty.

Another key IT feature is Tesco’s Clubcard loyalty programme, which collects detailed customer data and enables targeted marketing. This is made possible through data analytics tools and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software that allow Tesco to understand consumer behaviour and personalise promotions. Moreover, Tesco’s online shopping platform and mobile applications reflect its investment in e-commerce infrastructure, providing convenience for customers and expanding the company’s reach.

Tesco’s commitment to innovation is evident in its use of self-checkout systems, reducing waiting times and labour costs. It also employs artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to forecast demand and manage logistics. These examples highlight that IT has been central to Tesco’s ability to remain competitive in a rapidly changing retail market.

Ethical and Social Issues in IT for Tesco

While IT has many advantages, it also raises several ethical and social issues. A major concern is data privacy, especially related to Tesco’s collection of customer data via the Clubcard scheme. The company must comply with data protection laws such as the UK GDPR, ensuring that customer information is stored securely and used ethically.

Another issue is the digital divide, as some customers may not have access to the internet or prefer traditional shopping methods. Tesco must ensure its services remain inclusive. Employee displacement due to automation (e.g., self-checkout machines) is also a social concern, potentially reducing job opportunities for lower-skilled workers.

Additionally, Tesco faces cybersecurity threats, which can jeopardise sensitive business and customer data. The company must invest in strong IT security protocols and train staff in ethical IT practices to prevent breaches and maintain trust.

Types of Networking Technologies

Networking is crucial in enabling Tesco’s operations across numerous locations. Key types of networking technologies include:

• Local Area Network (LAN): Used within Tesco stores and offices to connect computers, printers, and POS systems.

• Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects Tesco’s stores, warehouses, and head offices across the UK and globally, allowing real-time data sharing.

• Wireless Networks (Wi-Fi): Enables mobile devices and staff handheld scanners to access Tesco’s systems efficiently.

• Virtual Private Network (VPN): Used by Tesco staff to securely access company systems remotely.

These networks ensure seamless communication, real-time data access, and effective business coordination.

Continued...