Understand the different theoretical perspectives and the major models which have shaped the study of the political economy of development and development economic

Assignment Brief

1. Recognize the different theoretical viewpoints and the major models which have shaped the study of the political budget of development and economics
2. Categorize how these different views impact on debates about development today and on the strategies accepted by developing countries today
3. Validate an awareness of modern debates within the field
4. Classify, access, and collate indication from university and external sources, including textbooks and articles
5. Express a range of ideas using suitable spoken and written English, representative understanding of academic writing agreements and styles as specific to the topic discipline.

MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module, students will be able to:

Knowledge

• Understand the different theoretical perspectives and the major models which have shaped the study of the political economy of development and development economics;
• Identify how these different perspectives impact on debates about development today and on the strategies adopted by developing countries today;
• Demonstrate an awareness of contemporary debates within the field;
• Identify, access, and collate evidence from university and external sources, including textbooks and articles;
• Express a range of ideas using appropriate spoken and written English, demonstrating understanding of academic writing conventions and styles as specific to the subject discipline.

Thinking skills

• Identify the strengths and weaknesses of various growth models within the context of debates about developing countries;
• Assess and understand the impact of theories about the nature and significance of trade;
• Evaluate and interpret underlying concepts and principles within the context of International Development and International Politics.
• Read texts critically and be able to précis, paraphrase, reference and quote correctly Subject-based practical skills 5
• Critically evaluate different conceptions of economic, social and political development;
• Assess the role of economic theory within the context of developing countries;
• Work effectively and appropriately with others to reach a cogent argument or judgement appropriate to the subject matter studied. Skills for life and work (general skills)
• Demonstrate appropriate use of technology to facilitate studies e.g. use of information resources, production of coursework, communication with tutors and peers.
• Work effectively and appropriately with others to reach a cogent argument or judgement appropriate to the subject matter studied.
• Plan coursework and reflect on time management.
• Demonstrate evidence of reflection on academic performance by implementing feedback given.
• Reflect on and record own learning and skills.

Sample Answer

Understanding Theoretical Perspectives and Debates in Development Economics and Political Economy

Introduction

The study of development economics and political economy has grown and evolved over time through many theories and models. These have shaped how we understand poverty, inequality, trade, and growth. In this essay, we will explore the major theoretical viewpoints, how they influence modern development debates, and how countries use these ideas in real strategies. We’ll also reflect on the strengths and weaknesses of different models and what they mean for today’s world.

1. Major Theoretical Viewpoints in Development and Political Economy

There are many theories in development economics and political economy. Some of the key ones include:

a. Modernisation Theory
This theory suggests that all countries follow the same path to development, from traditional to modern societies. It was popular in the 1950s and 60s. Countries are expected to adopt Western-style progress such as urbanisation, education, and industry.

b. Dependency Theory
In contrast to modernisation, dependency theory argues that poor countries are kept poor because of their dependence on rich nations. Resources flow from the “periphery” (poor countries) to the “core” (rich countries), making development harder.

c. Neoliberalism
Neoliberalism promotes free markets, reduced government interference, and privatisation. It became popular in the 1980s through institutions like the IMF and World Bank. Critics say it has led to inequality and social problems in many developing countries.

d. Structuralist and Post-Structuralist Approaches
These models focus more on historical, cultural and institutional factors. They argue that development is not just about economics but also about politics, identity and social systems.

2. How These Theories Impact Today’s Development Strategies

Theories shape how we think and act. Here’s how different ideas influence present-day development:

• Modernisation theory still influences strategies like education and technology-based development in Africa and Asia.

• Dependency thinking is seen in efforts to develop “South-South cooperation” where developing countries trade and support each other.

• Neoliberal ideas led to structural adjustment programmes in the 1980s and 90s, which cut public services and promoted market-led reforms.

• Today, post-colonial and feminist theories push for more inclusive, bottom-up development that respects local voices and knowledge.

Example:
In Kenya, both modernisation and neoliberal approaches were used in economic policy, but social inequalities remain. Newer policies now include community-led development to balance top-down strategies.

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